Heatstroke is the most severe form of heat-related illness and occurs when the body's temperature exceeds 40°C (104°F) due to the failure of the body's thermoregulation system.
It often happens during heatwaves with high humidity and no wind. Particularly vulnerable are the elderly, people with heart disease, diabetes, or kidney dysfunction, as well as those taking certain medications such as diuretics or antidepressants.
The main symptoms include dizziness, headache, confusion, dry and hot skin, rapid heartbeat, vomiting, and possible loss of consciousness. If not treated promptly, heatstroke can lead to serious complications or even death.
The symptoms of heatstroke can resemble those of a stroke or heart attack. They include muscle cramps, headache, confusion, nausea, vomiting, delirium, seizures, and possible unconsciousness. The skin appears red, dry, and hot, with no sweating and a fever that can reach or exceed 41°C (105.8°F). Breathing becomes rapid, and the pulse weakens.
Immediate action can save lives: move the affected person to a cool environment, remove heavy clothing, apply cold compresses, and provide fluids if they are able to drink. Medical help must be sought immediately. For prevention, ensure adequate hydration, avoid sun exposure during the hottest hours, wear light and comfortable clothing, and use medications carefully in vulnerable groups.